Radical Feminism
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Radical feminism is a movement that posits that the inherent underlying cause of female oppression is the patriarchy. It seeks to analyze and understand how the patriarchy shapes and harms women, for the veins of patriarchal belief run so deeply throughout every aspect of society and culture.
As 'radical' refers to the Latin term for root, radical feminism's end goal, the liberation of women, ultimately calls for a fundamental restructuring of society (or 'overthrowing the patriarchy').
Radical feminism emerged as a branch of the second-wave feminist movement during the 1970s, with the concept itself first elaborated on by Shulamith Firestone, in her book The Dialectic of Sex.
Modernity
In the modern era, radical feminism can be considered near the forefront of fourth-wave feminism, which diverges from third-wave or liberal feminism by returning to analyzing the 'root' of female oppression.
Fourth-wave feminism can be considered a continuation of the legacy of second-wave radical feminists, most notably: Andrea Dworkin, Shulamith Firestone, Kate Millett, Catherine MacKinnon, and Germaine Greer.